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Experimental research on the multilayer compartmental particle damper and its application methods on long-period bridge structures

Zhenyuan LUO, Weiming YAN, Weibing XU, Qinfei ZHENG, Baoshun WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 751-766 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0509-z

摘要： Particle damping technology has attracted extensive research and engineering application interest in the field of vibration control due to its prominent advantages, including wide working frequency bands, ease of installation, longer durability and insensitivity to extreme temperatures. To introduce particle damping technology to long-period structure seismic control, a novel multilayer compartmental particle damper (MCPD) was proposed, and a 1/20 scale test model of a typical long-period self-anchored suspension bridge with a single tower was designed and fabricated. The model was subjected to a series of shaking table tests with and without the MCPD. The results showed that the seismic responses of the flexible or semi-flexible bridge towers of long-period bridges influence the seismic responses of the main beam. The MCPD can be conveniently installed on the main beam and bridge tower and can effectively reduce the longitudinal peak displacement and the root mean square acceleration of the main beam and tower. In addition, no particle accumulation was observed during the tests. A well-designed MCPD can achieve significant damping for long-period structures under seismic excitations of different intensities. These results indicate that the application of MCPDs for seismic control of single-tower self-anchored suspension bridges and other long-period structures is viable.

关键词： energy dissipation devices multilayer compartmental particle damper self-anchored suspension bridges shaking tables test long-period structure seismic control

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Design of a shaking table test box for a subway station structure in soft soil

YANG Linde, ZHENG Yonglai, ZHANG Dongliang, JI Qianqian, YANG Chao

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 194-197 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0022-2

摘要： A reasonable choice of structure of a model box is significant for a shaking table test to be successful in geotechnical engineering. A model box has been designed for the shaking table test of a subway station structure in the soft soil of Shanghai in the paper. The reasonable geometric similarity scale of the subway station structure has been determined by a 3-D dynamic analysis under the action of lateral equivalent static loading. The shape, size and structure of the model box are chosen by considering all the involved factors comprehensively. The shape of the box is similar to that of a typical station structure, and the ratio between the plane dimension of the model ground and that of the model structure is big enough to reduce the influence of boundary condition effectively. The structure is strong enough to avoid being demolished by shaking during a test. The contact conditions between the model soil and box are clear to help the data gained from the test well fit that from numerical analysis. The total weight of the model soil and box is less than the bearing capacity of the shaking table apparatus and there is no resonance between the model soil and box. The results show that the model box can be used to simulate the dynamic response of a subway station structure very well, so it provides a firm foundation for the success of the shaking table test of a subway station structure.

关键词： geotechnical engineering numerical analysis weight dynamic analysis Shanghai

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Investigation of the seismic behavior of grouted sandy gravel foundations using shaking table tests

Tiancheng WANG; Yu LIANG; Xiaoyong ZHANG; Zhihuan RUAN; Guoxiong MEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1196-1211 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0865-6

摘要： Sandy gravel foundations exhibit non-linear dynamic behavior when subjected to strong ground motions, which can have amplification effects on superstructures and can reveal insufficient lateral resistance of foundations. Grouting methods can be used to improve the seismic performance of natural sandy gravel foundations. The strength and stiffness of grouted sandy gravel foundations are different from those of natural foundations, which have unknown earthquake resistance. Few studies have investigated the seismic behavior of sandy gravel foundations before and after grouting. In this study, two shaking table tests were performed to evaluate the effect of grouting reinforcement on seismic performance. The natural frequency, acceleration amplification effect, lateral displacement, and vertical settlement of the non-grouted and grouted sandy gravel foundations were measured and compared. Additionally, the dynamic stress-strain relationships of the two foundations were obtained by a linear inversion method to evaluate the seismic energy dissipation. The test results indicated that the acceleration amplification, lateral displacement amplitude, and vertical settlement of the grouted sandy gravel foundation were lower than that of the non-grouted foundation under low-intensity earthquakes. However, a contrasting result was observed under high-intensity earthquakes. This demonstrated that different grouting reinforcement strategies are required for different sandy gravel foundations. In addition, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of the two foundations exhibited two different energy dissipation mechanisms. The results provide insights relating to the development of foundations for relevant engineering sites and to the dynamic behavior of grouted foundations prior to investigating soil-structure interaction problems.

关键词： sandy gravel foundation grouting-treated reinforcement shaking table test seismic behavior

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Shaking table test of composite foundation reinforcement of saturated silty soil for high speed railway

JIANG Guanlu, LIU Xianfeng, ZHANG Jianwen, ZHAO Ruyi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 353-360 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0047-6

摘要： Three shaking table model tests were conducted with a geometrical scale of 1:10 using a large-scale laminar shear box to investigate the reinforcement effects of compacted gravel column-net composite foundation and cement fly-ash gravel (CFG) column-net composite foundation on the saturated silty soil along the Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway. The research results indicate that the increase in excess pore water pressure can be restrained effectively by the compacted gravel column-net composite foundation to improve the anti-liquefaction ability of the ground, and that shear displacement of the ground can be reduced greatly by the compacted gravel column-net and CFG column-net composite foundations to improve the capability of resisting shear displacement of ground. Furthermore, the amplifying of response acceleration, induced by foundation liquefaction, and the settlement of foundation and subgrade can be reduced greatly by the compacted gravel column-net and CFG column-net composite foundations to improve the aseismatic property of the foundation and subgrade.

关键词： large-scale CFG column-net amplifying displacement subgrade

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Model test of stone columns as liquefaction countermeasure in sandy soils

Mengfei QU,Qiang XIE,Xinwen CAO,Wen ZHAO,Jianjun HE,Jiang JIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 481-487 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0355-9

摘要： The shaking table model test was conducted to investigate earthquake resistant behavior of stone columns under the intensity of an earthquake resistance of buildings is VIII. The test results show that when acceleration is less than 0.20 g, composite foundation is not liquefied, settlement is also small and pile dislocation is not observed; when acceleration is 0.3g, ground outside embankment’s slope toe is liquefied and ground within stone column composite foundation is not. It is suggesting that reinforcement scale of stone column foundation should be widened properly. The designed stone column composite foundation meets the requirements for seismic resistance.

关键词： stone column composite foundation seismic liquefaction shaking table test

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Seismic experimental study on a concrete pylon from a typical medium span cable-stayed bridge

Yan XU, Shijie ZENG, Xinzhi DUAN, Dongbing JI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 401-411 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0464-8

摘要：

According to the current seismic design codes of bridges in China, cable-stayed bridges have been usually required to remain elastic even subjected to strong earthquakes. However, the possibilities of pylon plastic behavior were revealed in recent earthquake damages. The lack of due diligence in the nonlinear seismic behavior of the pylon has caused a blurry understanding about the seismic performance of such widely built though less strong earthquake experienced structures. In light of this point, a 1/20 scaled concrete pylon model which from a typical medium span cable-stayed bridge was designed and tested on the shaking table longitudinally. The dynamic response and seismic behavior of the pylon were measured, evaluated and compared to reveal its vulnerable parts and nonlinear seismic performance. The results show that most parts of the concrete pylon remain elastic even under very strong excitations, which means a sufficient safety margin for current pylon longitudinal design. The most vulnerable parts of the pylon appeared first at the pylon bottom region, cracks opening and closing at the pylon bottom were observed during the test, and then extended to the lower column and middle column around the lower strut.

关键词： cable-stayed bridge pylon shaking table test seismic behavior

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Seismic performance of prestressed concrete stand structure supporting retractable steel roof

Yiyi CHEN, Dazhao ZHANG, Weichen XUE, Wensheng LU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 117-124 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0024-3

摘要： The seismic behavior of a structural system composed of pre-stressed concrete stand supporting a retractable steel roof was studied, which is typically based on the prototype of engineering project of Shanghai Qizhong Tennis Center. By elasto-plastic finite element analysis and shaking table test, the following were investigated: the effects of roof configurations in opening and closing, the effect of pre-stress on the structural seismic response, and the failure mechanism of the spatial stand frame systems featured with circularly arranged columns and inverse-cone type stands. It was found that the roof status has great effect on the natural period, vibration modes, and seismic response of the whole structure, the stand response to horizontal seismic excitation is stronger in roof opening configuration than in closing state, and the response mode is dominantly translational rather than rotational, though the stand is characterized by its fundamentally torsional vibration mode. The study indicated that the pre-stressed inverse-cone stands can keep the system from global side-sway collapse under gravity loads, even in the case that most columns loose moment capacity.

关键词： retractable steel roof prestressed concrete seismic performance failure mode inelastic response shaking table test

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Study on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam exploded straw by using shaking ball

SUN Zhanwei, FU Xiaoguo, CHEN Hongzhang, WANG Yanhui, MA Runyu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 22-27 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0002-7

摘要： A novel method of enzymatic hydrolysis was developed in this paper to produce a high conversion yield and hydrolysis rate. A comparison was described by using three methods of enzymatic hydrolysis and adsorption of steam exploded straw (SEWS): shaking ball in the regime, shaking with stirrer bed, and static state. The most adequate filter-paper activity, speed and reaction time were 3.6 × 10 mol/(smL), 150 r/min and 24 h, respectively, with the reducing sugar yield of 0.43. The results showed that the method of shaking ball produced the highest adsorption, conversion yields and hydrolysis rate of the enzyme. This might be due to the continuous frequency increase of enzyme adsorption and desorption on the substrate surface as well as the relieved end-product inhibition. The morphological variation of SEWS was characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).

关键词： adequate filter-paper comparison conversion continuous frequency substrate

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H_∞ control in the frequency domain for a semi-active floor isolation system

Yundong SHI, Tracy C BECKER, Masahiro KURATA, Masayoshi NAKASHIMA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 264-275 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0214-x

摘要： A floor isolation system installed in a single floor or room in a fixed base structure is designed to protect equipment. With this configuration, the input motions to the floor isolation from the ground motions are filtered by the structure, leaving the majority of the frequency content of the input motion lower than the predominant frequency of the structure. The floor isolation system should minimize the acceleration to protect equipment; however, displacement must also be limited to save floor space, especially with long period motion. Semi-active control with an control was adopted for the floor isolation system and a new input shaping filter was developed to account for the input motion characteristics and enhance the effectiveness of the control. A series of shake table tests for a semi-active floor isolation system using rolling pendulum isolators and a magnetic-rheological damper were performed to validate the control. Passive control using an oil damper was also tested for comparison. The test results show that the control effectively reduced acceleration for short period motions with frequencies close to the predominant frequency of the structure, as well as effectively reduced displacement for long period motions with frequencies close to the natural frequency of the floor isolation system. The control algorithm proved to be more advantageous than passive control because of its capacity to adjust control strategies according to the different motion frequency characteristics.

关键词： semi-active floor isolation H_∞ control MR damper shaping filter shaking table test

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Shaking-moment balancing of mechanisms with principal vectors and momentum

V. van der WIJK

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 10-16 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0359-2

摘要：

The design of shaking-moment-balanced linkages still is challenging. Considering moment balance in the very beginning of the design process of mechanisms is important for finding applicable solutions. For this purpose, the method of principal vectors is investigated, showing a compact notation of the angular momentum with respect to the center of mass. The moment balance conditions are derived for three elements in series from which balance solutions are synthesized and illustrated. From the application for moment balancing of a 4R four-bar linkage it is shown that the moment balancing of closed kinematic chains remains challenging.

关键词： shaking-moment balancing principal vector linkage angular momentum

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Mechanical performance analysis and stiffness test of a new type of suspension bridge

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1160-1180 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0760-6

摘要： A new type of suspension bridge is proposed based on the gravity stiffness principle. Compared with a conventional suspension bridge, the proposed bridge adds rigid webs and cross braces. The rigid webs connect the main cable and main girder to form a truss that can improve the bending stiffness of the bridge. The cross braces connect the main cables to form a closed space truss structure that can improve the torsional stiffness of the bridge. The rigid webs and cross braces are installed after the construction of a conventional suspension bridge is completed to resist different loads with different structural forms. A new type of railway suspension bridge with a span of 340 m and a highway suspension bridge with a span of 1020 m were designed and analysed using the finite element method. The stress, deflection of the girders, unbalanced forces of the main towers, and natural frequencies were compared with those of conventional suspension bridges. A stiffness test was carried out on the new type of suspension bridge with a small span, and the results were compared with those for a conventional bridge. The results showed that the new suspension bridge had a better performance than the conventional suspension bridge.

关键词： new type of suspension bridge stiffness test mechanical performance railway bridge space truss

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Mixed mode properties of CNT reinforced composites using Arcan test rig

Jacob MUTHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 397-404 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0321-y

摘要： Composite materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes were mechanical tested using Arcan test rig under Mode-I, Mode-II and mixed mode loading conditions to obtain their fracture properties. The butterfly composite specimens were fabricated with 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 wt % CNTs. The polyester/CNT composite was fabricated using VRTM (Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding) where the CNTs were first functionalised to reach an optimum properties. Arcan test rig was designed and fabricated to work with the Shimadzu testing machine. The results show that the functionalised CNTs have improved the fracture behavior by acting as bridge between the cracked face. In addition, the fracture properties were not improved for the higher weight fraction of 0.1 wt% CNTs.

关键词： CNT composites Arcan test rig stress intensity factor

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Accelerated life-time test of MEA durability under vehicle operating conditions in PEM fuel cell

Tian TIAN, Jianjun TANG, Wei GUO, Mu PAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 326-333 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0489-z

摘要： In this paper, a novel accelerated test method was proposed to analyze the durability of MEA, considering the actual operation of the fuel cell vehicle. The proposed method includes 7 working conditions: open circuit voltage (OCV), idling, rated output, overload, idling-rated cycle, idling-overload cycle, and OCV-idling cycle. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively destroy the MEA in a short time (165 h). Moreover, the degradation mechanism of MEA was analyzed by measuring the polarization curve, CV, SEM and TEM. This paper may provide a new research direction for improving the durability of fuel cell.

关键词： polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell accelerated life-time test load cycling test durability

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XB高精度火箭橇试验滑轨

杨兴邦

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第10期页码 98-104

摘要：

火箭橇试验滑轨是一种大型地面动态模拟试验设备，用于研究试验件在空中高速度、高加速度运行时所遇到的诸多技术问题，其技术核心是一百万分之一的轨道直线性相对精度。它要求具有稳定的滑轨基础、高直线度准直基准线和光滑平顺的钢轨作为基本条件，需要采用钢轨精密机械加工、钢轨焊接、焊缝超声波探伤、轨道张拉锚固锁定、轨道直线度调整等新工艺技术。我国已成功地建成世界上唯一的、钢轨经精密机械加工后再全程焊接的XB高精度火箭橇试验滑轨。文章论述了它的诞生背景、设计思路、技术方案、技术与建造特点以及应用展望，该滑轨直线度达到世界先进水平。

关键词：火箭滑橇试验滑轨地面动态模拟试验

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Research on recycled concrete and its utilization in building structures in China

Jianzhuang XIAO, Tao DING

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 215-226 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0212-z

摘要： Large quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) building waste are being generated as a result of rapid urbanization and natural disasters in China. An increasing awareness of environmental protection is escalating C&D waste disposal concerns. This paper presents a brief introduction to current shaking table test research in China on structures built with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Test structures include a cast-in situ frame model, a precast frame model and a block masonry building. The test results prove that it is feasible to use RAC as a structural material in seismic areas, with recommended modifications and proper design, especially in low-rise structures. This paper also presents several successful applications of RAC in civil and structural engineering projects in China, which will serve to promote RAC as a global ecological structural material.

关键词： recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) structural material shaking table tests building structure